Thursday , March 28 2024

A System for Linked Data Creation

Hyosook JUNG
Department of Computer Science Education, Korea University
Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701 Korea

Seongbin PARK
Department of Computer Science Education, Korea University
Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701 Korea

Abstract: Linked Data supports the integration between data by connecting resources on related topics. Authoring Linked Data is difficult because it demands the use of exact vocabularies and rules for making RDF data and linking RDF dataset. In this paper, we present a system that helps non-expert users create RDF documents and Linked Data easily. Using our system, a user can easily generate RDF documents and add new links between RDF entities without the complete knowledge about RDF grammar and vocabularies. We show how the proposed system can be used to create educational resources that need to integrate related resources from external dataset

Keywords: Linked Data, education.

>>Full text
CITE THIS PAPER AS:
Hyosook JUNG, Seongbin PARK, A System for Linked Data Creation, Studies in Informatics and Control, ISSN 1220-1766, vol. 20 (4), pp. 363-372, 2011. https://doi.org/10.24846/v20i4y201104

1. Introduction

Linked Data [11] has been identified as an approach to disseminate and integrate data. It also offers new opportunities for the organization, integration, and retrieval of research results and educational materials. According to the Linked Data principles [8], URIs [15] are used for naming things and when someone looks up a URI, useful information is provided using the standard. While Linked data has been viewed as a promising approach to support machine-accessible dataset in diverse areas, in general it is difficult for non-expert users to create Linked Data in the format required by the Semantic Web [14]. For example, a user needs to identify a resource with a URI and represent it in RDF format [16] and it requires the knowledge about accurate vocabularies and rules of RDF.

In this paper, we present a system that helps non-expert users make new RDF documents and connect different RDF data to generate Linked Data.

To create Linked Data, a user needs to start with a set of RDF data. There are two ways to create RDF data. First, the user can create RDF data directly. Second, the user selects a certain Web resource while browsing Web resources and our system automatically presents the information of the resource in a simple RDF format. Since it is not easy to search available RDF data if the user is not familiar with RDF model and SPARQL [23], our system searches contents from different sources on the Web and exports them in RDF format.

Our system also helps searching information since in general if users are not familiar with the search domain, it is difficult to decide how to define a query and how to navigate in the Web [4]. Specifically, our system shows a concept map which presents the relationships between keywords associated with the query when a user enters a query. Even if users do not have prior knowledge about a target domain, they can find concepts related to the desired information, acquire new knowledge, learn about the domain and organize their knowledge while browsing.

Once the user collects RDF data to create Linked Data, our system simplifies the processes for creating new links between RDF data by enabling users to add <owl:sameAs> and <rdfs:seeAlso> property that are generically used to create links between RDF entities.

The users just select two RDF entities and click a button for <owl:sameAs> or <rdfs:seeAlso>. So, users do not have to define RDF structure and type specific RDF vocabularies.

This paper is structured as follows. Section 2 describes related works and section 3 explains the architecture of our system. The applications of the system are described in section 4 and section 5 describes experimental results. Section 6 concludes the paper.

REFERENCES:

  1. BECKER, C., C. BIZER, Marbles, 2009. http://marbles.sourceforge.net
  2. Google, google-refine, 2011. http://code.google.com/p/google-refine
  3. MAALI, F., R. CYGANIAK, RDF Extension for Google Refine, 2010. http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/grefine-rdf-extension
  4. MARCHIONINI, G., Exploratory Search: From Finding to Understanding, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 49, No. 4, 2006, pp. 41-46.
  5. MÜHLEISEN, H., A. JENTZSCH, Augmenting the Web of Data using Referers, in Proceedings of the 4th Linked Data on the Web Workshop (LDOW 2011)
  6. LEBO, T., G. T. WILLIAMS, Converting Governmental Datasets into Linked Data, in Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Semantic Systems (I-SEMANTICS ’10), ACM, 2010, pp. 38:1-38:3.
  7. DAVIES, S., J. HATFIELD, C. DONAHER, J. ZEITZ, User Interface Design Considerations for Linked Data Authoring Environments, in Proc. of the WWW2010 Workshop on Linked Data on the Web (LDOW 2010)
  8. BERNERS-LEE, T., Linked Data – Design Issues, 2006. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
  9. HWANG, C., H. KIM, H. JUNG, S. YOO, S. PARK, Development of a System for Keyword-based Navigation on Multiple Sites, Journal of Korea Association of Computer Education, Vol.14, No.1, 2011, pp. 123-135.
  10. JUNG, H., H. KIM, S. PARK, Development of a Linked Data Creation System for Ordinary People and Application, Journal of Korea Association of Computer Education, Vol.14, No.2, 2011, pp. 47-59.
  11. HEATH, T., C. BIZER, Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space (1st edition), Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology, Morgan & Claypool, 2011.
  12. SUN, D., H. JUNG, C. HWANG, H. KIM, S. PARK, Accessing Information Sources using Ontologies, International Journal of Computers Communications & Control, ISSN 1841-9836, 6(2), 2011, pp. 349-366.
  13. DING, L., T. FININ, A. JOSHI, R. PAN, R. S. COST, Y. PENG, P. REDDIVARI, V. C. DOSHI, J. SACHS, Swoogle: A Semantic Web Search and Metadata Engine, the 13th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 2004.
  14. BERNERS-LEE, T., J. HENDLER, O. LASSILA, The Semantic Web, Scientific American Special online Issue, 2001.
  15. BERNERS-LEE, T., R. FIELDING, L. MASINTER, Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, 1998, http://labs.apache.org/webarch/uri/rfc/rfc3986.html
  16. TAUBERER, J., What Is RDF, O’REILLY XML.com, 2006. http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2001/01/24/rdf.html
  17. http://wikiepdia.org
  18. AUER, S., C. BIZER, G. KOBILAROV, J. LEHMANN, R. CYGANIAK, Z. IVES, Dbpedia: A Nucleus for a Web of Open Data, the 6th International Semantic Web Conference and the 2nd Asian Semantic Web Conference, LNCS 4825, 2007, 11-15.
  19. http://www.google.com
  20. KLYNE, G., J. J. CARROLL, RDF triples, Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax, W3C Recommendation, 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210
  21. http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/api
  22. RDF gravity http://semweb.salzburgresearch.at/apps/rdf-gravity/index.html
  23. http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/