FPGA-Based Implementation of MPPT-Controller for PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions

Van Quang Binh NGO, Kim Anh NGUYEN, Khanh Quang NGUYEN

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of a FPGA-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for photovoltaic (PV) systems operating under partial shading conditions (PSC). The challenge in such conditions lies in accurately identifying the Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP), as the power-voltage (P-V) curve exhibits multiple local maximum power points (LMPPs). The traditional MPPT algorithms like the Perturb and Observe (P&O) and the Incremental Conductance (InC) algorithms often struggle to track the GMPP accurately in such complex scenarios. The proposed system takes advantage of the fact that the FPGA platform enables parallel processing to provide a real-time, high accuracy tracking of the GMPP. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the PSO-based MPPT controller significantly improves the GMPP tracking accuracy in comparison with the traditional methods. Although the PSO algorithm may feature slightly longer tracking times, its ability to accurately locate the GMPP in dynamic shading conditions ensures an optimal energy harvesting. This work emphasizes the practical benefits of implementing MPPT on a FPGA platform, offering a reliable solution for optimizing the performance of a PV system under varying solar radiation levels, thus improving the system`s overall energy efficiency.

Keywords

FPGA, MPPT, PSO, PV System, PSC.

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